Different Oxidation states of molybdenum - Heanjia Super-metals Co., Ltd.

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Different Oxidation states of molybdenum

Molybdenum is a transition metal in nature and has electronegativity value measured on pauling scale is 2.16 approx. Its atomic weight is 96.96 gram per mol. The metal doesn't combines with oxygen and water directly but when it is heated at temperature more than 600 °C it produces its trioxide compound thus reacts with oxygen heavily. Molybdenum used in the form of molybdenum sheet has low coefficient of expansion.

The trioxide of metal formed is volatile in nature and it is sublimated at the high temperature ranges.

It avoids constant production of oxide layer that inhibits the wider oxidation of the metal. The molybdenum metal exhibits several oxidation states and its most stable states are + and +6. The compounds formed are almost similar to tungsten compounds instead of chromium. For example the instability of molybdenum +3 and tungsten +3 whereas the chromium compounds of +3 oxidation are stable. The common and the largest oxidation state of molybdenum is +5 achieved in formation of MoO₃. However the normal sulfur compound is molybdenum disulphide has the normal oxidation state.

The Molybdenum oxide where the Molybdenum exhibits +4 oxidations state dissolved in the strong alkaline solution and produces the molybdates represented as MoO₄²⁻. The molybdates are weak oxidant in nature as compare to chromates. However these have equal capacity to produce the complex oxyanions made by the condensation at the lower value of pH. The polymolybdates may include other ions to their formation and produce polyoxometalates. The heteropolymolybdate is utilized for spectroscopic analyze of phosphorus. The wide range of molybdenum's oxidation states can be observed in the different molybdenum chlorides as described below:

Molybdenum(II) chloride isa solid compound represented as MoCl₂ showsyellow color.

Molybdenum(VI) chloride is a solid compound represented as MoCl₆ shows brown color.

The MoCl₂ is constituted of Mo₆Cl₈⁴⁺ aggregates that have four chloride ions to neutralize the charge. Just like chromium and other transition elements, the molybdenum metal is also capable to produce the four bonds. For example Mo₂(CH₃COO)₄. This compound can be changed to Mo₂Cl₈⁴⁻ in which molybdenum makes four bonds to chlorine. The oxidation of molybdenum can be zero in case it combines with carbon monoxide as a legend. For example molybdenum hexacarbonyl represented as Mo(CO)_6.

Below table shows the oxidation state of molybdenum in different compounds:

Oxidation state	Examples
−2	Na2[Mo2(CO)10]
0	Mo(CO)6
+1	Na[C6H6Mo]
+2	MoCl2
+3	Na3[Mo(CN)]6
+4	MoS2
+5	MoCl5
+6	MoF6

Among the entire occurrence of molybdenum, it 86% amount is used in the production of alloys and metallic forms like molybdenum sheet and the remaining part is used in the formation of compounds for the certain chemical operations. After analyzing the utilization of molybdenum on the commercial scale, it is found that 35% is used in the production of steel, 25% in the production of stainless steel, 14% in the chemicals, 14% chemicals preparation, 9% in the equipments and large rate steels, cast iron 6% and molybdenum metal is 6% and the 5% molybdenum is used in preparing superalloys.

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