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Monel

MONEL

What is Monel?

Monel is an alloy. It is based on nickel (65-70%) and copper (20-29%) and also contains iron and manganese (5%) and other compounds.

Monel was discovered by Robert Crooks Stanley who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO) in 1901. The new alloy was named in honor of the president of the company, Ambrose Monell.

There are different commercial types of Monel such as Alloy 400, Alloy 401, Alloy R-405, Alloy 450, Alloy K-500, Monel 404 Copper-Nickel Alloy. Standard product forms are round, hexagon, flats, forging stock, pipe, tube, plate, sheet, strip, and wire.

Trade Name	ASME P Group	ASTM/AISI Steel type	UNS
Monel 400		B 127, B 164	N04400
Monel 401			N04401
Monel 404		B 164	N04404
Monel K-500		B 865	N05500
Monel R-405			N04405

Characteristics of Monel

² Highly resistant to corrosion. Monel is well known as a corrosion strong, rust-resistant material. It is resistant to corrosion and acids, and some alloys can withstand a fire in pure oxygen.

² Stronger than steel

² Malleable

² Low coefficient of thermal expansion

² Highly resistant to alkalis

² It can be welded, brazed and soldered

Market applications

Monel is used for marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, valves, pumps, shafts, fittings, fasteners, and heat exchangers. It is also used as part of metal instruments and frames of eyeglasses.

Aerospace applications

Especially in the 1960s, Monel metal found bulk uses in aircraft construction, especially in making the frames and skins of very high speed rocket planes that were made for experimental flights that generated great heat due to aerodynamic friction.

Marine applications

Monel's corrosion resistance makes it ideal for marine applications such as piping systems, pump shafts, seawater valves, trolling wire, and strainer baskets. Some alloys are completely non-magnetic and are used for anchor cable aboard minesweepers, housings for magnetic-field measurement equipment. In recreational boating, Monel wire is used to seize shackles for anchor rodes, Monel is used for water and fuel tanks, and for under water applications. It is also used for propeller shafts and for keel bolts.

In seabird research, and bird banding or ringing in particular, Monel has been used to make bird bands or rings for many species such as albatross that live in a corrosive sea water environment.

Monel is also used for safety wiring in the aircraft industry to ensure that fasteners cannot come undone.

Musical instruments

Monel is used as the material for valve pistons in some higher quality musical instruments such as trumpets, tubas and french horn rotors.

Directional Drilling

Monel drill collars are used in surveying oil wells. Monel collars are used in drilling directional wells which require the well to be steered. Their use permits faster and more accurate surveys, reduce hazards, and decrease the cost of drilling directional of controlled oil wells. The reduced cost comes from the ability of real time surveys from a MWD tool which has magnetometers built into them. The magnetometers if not surrounded by Monel collars will be unable to read the earth's magnetic field and will give an incorrect reading.

Other

Identification tags made from monel.

The good resistance against corrosion by acids and oxygen makes monel a good material for the chemical industry. Even corrosive fluorides can be handled within monel apparatus; this was done in an extensive way in the enrichment of uranium in the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant. Here most of the larger diameter tubing for the uranium hexafluoride was made from monel. Monel was used for US Military dog tags WWI and WWII.

Monel doorknobs in the Bryn Athyn Cathedral

Monel is often used for kitchen sinks and in the frames of eyeglasses. It has also been used for firebox stays in fire-tube boilers.

Parts of the Clock of the Long Now, which is intended to run for 10,000 years, are made from Monel because of the corrosion resistance without the use of precious metals.

Monel was used for much of the exposed metal used in the interior of the Bryn Athyn Catheral. Monel also has been used as roofing material in buildings such as Pennsylvania Station (New York City).

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